Fought between 1861 and 1865, the American Civil War profoundly reshaped the nation, with major battlegrounds across Virginia and North Carolina. Tensions over states' rights, territorial expansion, and the continuation of slavery pushed the Northern Union and Southern Confederacy into conflict. President Abraham Lincoln's Union leadership secured victory, resulting in the abolition of slavery and national unification. This watershed era paved the way for rapid post-war industrialization and modern economic growth.
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