Triggered by the 1947 UN Partition Plan, the First Arab-Israeli War (1947–1949) reshaped the Middle East. Following Israel's declaration of independence in 1948, neighboring Arab states intervened militarily. Crucial battles across Palestine, Jerusalem, Lydda, and Ramle led to an Israeli victory, establishing its statehood while causing the displacement of over 700,000 Palestinians—an event known as the Nakba—and laying the groundwork for enduring regional conflict.

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