Unification of the Jurchens and Rise of the Later Jin

Nurhaci was the founding chieftain of the Later Jin dynasty who unified the fragmented Jurchen tribes and established the Eight Banners system. Originating from Hetu Ala, he created a formidable military machine, commissioned the Manchu script, and launched open warfare against the Ming dynasty. His conquests in Liaodong laid the political and structural foundation for his descendants to conquer China and establish the Qing dynasty.

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