A. Philip Randolph

An African American non-violent labor and civil rights movement leader who was active in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. In 1925, he founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP), winning recognition as the first major Black labor union. During World War II, he planned a march on Washington demanding the elimination of racial discrimination in the defense industry, successfully prompting President Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue an executive order banning employment discrimination. He played a central role in the subsequent 1963 March on Washington and serves as a spiritual pillar of the movement.

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