Science and Astronomy in Exploration
During the Age of Discovery, science and astronomy underwent a profound revolution driven by the needs of global navigation and empirical observation. Advances in celestial navigation, cartography, and instruments like the astrolabe allowed explorers to cross oceans with unprecedented accuracy. The era challenged classical Aristotelian cosmology through meticulous observations of celestial bodies and new natural phenomena. Discoveries of unknown flora, fauna, and geography across the Americas and Asia stimulated the growth of botany, zoology, and meteorology. This empirical shift laid the groundwork for the Scientific Revolution, transforming natural philosophy into modern experimental science and reshaping humanity's understanding of the universe.
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