Selim III introduced the groundbreaking "Nizam-i Cedid" (New Order) reforms to counter European encroachment and internal decay. He established a modern Western-style army, reformed diplomatic channels by sending permanent ambassadors to Europe, and introduced advanced military technologies. However, his radical Westernizing policies provoked fierce opposition from the privileged Janissary corps and conservative religious elites, leading to a violent coup that resulted in his deposition and eventual assassination.

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