Syrian Nationalist Movement
Syrian nationalist movement
The Syrian nationalist movement emerged during World War I and the interwar period to resist Ottoman rule and subsequent French mandate control. Leaders and citizens fought for sovereignty, unity, and independence, shaping modern Syrian statehood through armed revolts, constitutional drafting, and political negotiations.
People
Birth
Death
Origin
Age (Death)
| 1875 | |
|---|---|
| 1879 | |
| 1880 | |
| 1886 | |
| 1886 | |
| 1890 | |
| 1891 | |
| 1891 | |
| 1894 | |
| 1904 |
Timeline
| Category | |
|---|---|
| Element |
| Year | Syrian nationalist movement |
|---|---|
| 1875 |
Birth of Hashim al-Atassi (Period: January 11, 1875 (some sources state 1873), Location: Homs, Syria)
|
| 1879 |
Birth of Ibrahim Hananu (Period: 1869 (some sources state 1879; exact month and day are unconfirmed), Location: Kafr Takharim (Kafr Takharim / كفر تخاريم), Syria)
|
| 1880 |
Birth of Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar (Period: November 6, 1879 (some sources record his birth year as 1880), Location: Syrian Arab Republic, Damascus)
|
| 1886 |
Birth of Emile Eddé (Period: May 5, 1886 (some sources state 1883 or 1884), Location: Syrian Arab Republic, Damascus)
Birth of Faisal I (Period: May 20, 1885 (some sources state 1883 or 1886), Location: Taif, Saudi Arabia (English sources sometimes state Mecca))
|
| 1890 |
Birth of Bishara al-Khuri (Period: August 10, 1890, Location: Lebanese Republic, Reshmaya (Aley District). Some sources give Beirut as his birth_place)
|
| 1891 |
Birth of Sultan al-Atrash (Period: March 5, 1891 (some sources state 1888), Location: Al-Qurayya (Al-Qurayya / al-Qrayya), Syria, a town located south of Suwayda)
Birth of Shukri al-Quwatli (Period: May 6, 1891 (October 21, 1891 according to some sources), Location: Syrian Arab Republic, Damascus)
|
| 1893 |
Service as an Ottoman Administrator
|
| 1894 |
Growth within a Political Family (Period: 1894–1910s, Location: Ottoman Empire, Istanbul and Sidon)
Birth of Riyad al-Sulh (Period: August 17, 1894, Location: Lebanese Republic, Sidon (Saida). Some sources state he was born in Tyre (Sour))
|
| 1900 |
Participation in Ottoman Reformist and Nationalist Movements
|
| 1902 |
Legal Studies and Acquisition of Law License (Emile Eddé)
|
| 1904 |
Marriage (Faisal I, Huzaima bint Nasser)
Birth of Antoun Saadeh (Period: March 1, 1904, Location: Dhour Choueir (Lebanon, Matn District))
|
| 1909 |
Legal Studies in Paris
|
| 1910 |
Hauran Druze Revolt against the Ottoman Empire
Participation in Al-Fatat
Marriage (Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar, Sarah al-Muayyad al-Azm)
Legal and Political Studies in Paris
|
| 1911 |
Execution of Father Zukan al-Atrash
|
| 1912 |
Appointment as Legal Advisor to the French Consulate (Emile Eddé)
|
| 1913 |
Elected as Member of the Ottoman Parliament
|
| 1914 |
Arrest and Imprisonment by Djemal Pasha
|
| 1915 |
Participation in the Al-Fatat Arab Nationalist Organization
Ottoman Authorities' Pursuit over Lebanon Independence Demand Documents
Exile to Egypt and Legal Practice (Bishara al-Khuri)
|
| 1916 |
World War I and the Arab Revolt
Participation in the Arab Revolt and Entry into Damascus
Support for the Arab Revolt and Participation in the Faisal Regime
Arrest and Deportation by Ottoman Authorities (Riad al-Sulh)
Execution of Arab Nationalists in Damascus
|
| 1918 |
Post-World War I Middle East Reorganization and Mandate System
Participation in the Young Arab Society
Entry into Damascus and Establishment of the Arab Government
Participation of the Lebanese Delegation in the Paris Peace Conference
|
| 1919 |
Advocating for Arab Independence at the Paris Peace Conference
Hananu Revolt
Participation in the Syrian Congress
Organization of the Hananu Revolt
Faisal-Weizmann Agreement
Co-founder of the Syrian Independence Party
Elected Chairman of the Syrian National Congress
|
| 1920 |
French-Syrian War
Request for Support from the Turkish Nationalist Movement
Activities at the Syria-Palestine Congress in Cairo
Appointment as Secretary-General of the Administrative Council (Bishara al-Khuri)
Territorial Demands by the Lebanese Delegation
Independence Movements in Egypt and Europe
Proclaimed King of the Kingdom of Syria
Declaration of Syrian Independence and Establishment of the Kingdom of Syria
Assumed Office as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Syria (Hashim al-Atassi)
Battle of Maysalun and the Collapse of the Kingdom of Syria
Death Sentence by French Mandate Authorities
Death Sentence and Exile by French Authorities (Riad al-Sulh)
|
| 1921 |
Opposition to French Rule in Jabal al-Druze
Activities of the Iron Hand Society and Suppression by French Authorities
Establishment of the Iron Hand Society
Selected as a Candidate for King of Iraq at the Cairo Conference
Ascension to the Throne as the First King of the Kingdom of Iraq
|
| 1922 |
House Arrest and Surveillance by French Authorities
Independence Movement at the Syria-Palestine Congress
Arrest of Hananu and Trial in a French Military Tribunal
Damascus Protest Movement Following the Arrest of the Iron Hand Society Leader
Adham Khanjar Incident
|
| 1923 |
Death Sentence and Exile by French Authorities (Sultan al-Atrash)
Expulsion and Exile by French Authorities (Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar)
|
| 1924 |
Formation of Initial Organizations Aims at Greater Syria Unification
Assumed Office as Speaker of Parliament (Emile Eddé)
|
| 1925 |
Great Syrian Revolt
Exile to Arwad Island by French Mandate Authorities
Suppression of Nationalists after the Great Syrian Revolt
Formation of a Provisional Government during the Great Syrian Revolt
Establishment of the People's Party
Declaration of the Great Syrian Revolt
|
| 1927 |
Exile to Transjordan (Sultan al-Atrash)
Creation of the National Bloc
Anti-French Activities in Exile (Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar)
Assumed Office as Prime Minister (Bishara al-Khuri)
|
| 1928 |
Participation in the Constituent Assembly
Assumed Office as Chairman of the Constituent Assembly (Hashim al-Atassi)
|
| 1929 |
Assumed Office as Prime Minister (Emile Eddé)
|
| 1930 |
Continuation of the Independence Movement by the National Bloc
Continued Independence Movement as Leader of the National Bloc
Participation in the National Bloc and Emergence as a Leader
Suspension of the Constituent Assembly by French Authorities
Conclusion of the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
|
| 1932 |
Creation of the Constitutional Bloc
Iraqi Independence and Admission to the League of Nations
Founding of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party
|
| 1933 |
Simele Massacre
Hananu Assassination Attempt
Death of Faisal I
Death of Faisal I
|
| 1935 |
Return to Lebanon and Legal Practice (Riad al-Sulh)
Crackdown on the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and Arrest of Saadeh
Death of Ibrahim Hananu
Death and National Mourning
|
| 1936 |
Participation in Franco-Lebanese Treaty Negotiations
Assumed Office as President of Lebanon (Emile Eddé)
Negotiations for the Franco-Syrian Independence Treaty
Conclusion of the Franco-Lebanese Treaty
Assumed Office as the First President of the Syrian Republic (Hashim al-Atassi)
|
| 1937 |
Return to Syria and Opposition to the Franco-Syrian Treaty (Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar)
Return to Syria and Welcome as a Hero (Sultan al-Atrash)
|
| 1938 |
South American Exile and Continuation of Party Activities (Antoun Saadeh)
|
| 1939 | |
| 1940 |
Death of Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar
Shahbandar Assassination Incident
|
| 1941 |
Resignation from the Presidency (Emile Eddé)
|
| 1943 |
Formation of the National Pact
Marriage (Antoun Saadeh, Juliette al-Mir)
First Presidential Term (Shukri al-Quwatli)
Election as First Post-Independence President
Assumed Office as First Post-Independence Prime Minister (Riad al-Sulh)
Realization of Lebanese Independence
1943 Lebanese Constitutional Amendment and Arrest of the President and Ministers
1943 Suspension of the Lebanese Constitution and Presidential Succession Incident
Short-term Re-appointment as President
|
| 1945 |
Syrian Independence and Withdrawal of French Forces
|
| 1946 |
Political Activities after Syrian Independence
Second Term as Prime Minister (Riad al-Sulh)
|
| 1947 |
Return after Lebanese Independence (Antoun Saadeh)
Allegations of Fraud Surrounding the 1947 Lebanese Parliamentary Elections
Allegations of Fraud Surrounding the 1947 Parliamentary Elections
|
| 1948 |
First Arab-Israeli War
Call for the Formation of the Palestine Liberation Army
Re-election to the Presidency and Constitutional Amendment
1948 Arab-Israeli War
Second Presidential Term (Shukri al-Quwatli)
|
| 1949 |
1949 Syrian Military Coup
1949 Lebanese Uprising
Trial and Execution of Antoun Saadeh
Death of Antoun Saadeh
Death of Emile Eddé
Re-assumed Office as President of Syria (Hashim al-Atassi)
|
| 1950 |
1950 Assassination Attempt
|
| 1951 |
Departure from the Premiership
Death of Riyad al-Sulh
Riad al-Sulh Assassination Incident
Military Coup by Adib Shishakli
|
| 1952 |
1952 "Rosewater Revolution"
1952 Resignation (Bishara al-Khuri)
|
| 1954 |
Conflict with the Adib Shishakli Regime
Return to the Presidency after the Collapse of the Shishakli Regime
|
| 1955 |
Return from Exile and Third Presidential Term (Shukri al-Quwatli)
|
| 1957 |
1957 Coup Plot
|
| 1958 |
Support for the Egypt-Syria Merger
Retirement from Politics after the Establishment of the United Arab Republic (Hashim al-Atassi)
Establishment of the United Arab Republic and Resignation from the Presidency (Shukri al-Quwatli)
|
| 1960 |
Death of Hashim al-Atassi
|
| 1961 |
Support for Syria's Withdrawal from the United Arab Republic
|
| 1963 |
1963 Ba'ath Party Coup
|
| 1964 |
Death of Bishara al-Khuri
|
| 1967 |
Third Arab-Israeli War
Death of Shukri al-Quwatli
|
| 1970 |
Honored as a Symbol of the Great Syrian Revolt
|
| 1982 |
Death of Sultan al-Atrash
Death and State-Level Funeral
|
| Unknown |
Education in Aleppo and Istanbul (Ibrahim Hananu, Period: Late 19th to early 20th century, Location: Aleppo, Syria, Ottoman Istanbul)
Service as an Ottoman Bureaucrat (Period: Early 20th century to before World War I, Location: Ottoman Empire, around Istanbul, Erzurum, Kafr Takharim, Aleppo)
Conscription into the Ottoman Army and Military Service in the Balkan Region (Period: Before World War I, Location: Ottoman Empire, Balkan region)
Death Sentences for Independence Activists by Ottoman Authorities (Period: Before World War I to around 1915, Location: Ottoman Lebanon)
Marriage (Sultan al-Atrash, Specific Spouse Name Not Clearly Identified in Confirmed Major Sources, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown)
Marriage (Hashim al-Atassi, Personal Name of Spouse Not Confirmed, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown)
Marriage (Shukri al-Quwatli, Bahira al-Dalati, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown. Believed to have married in Syria, but definitive records cannot be confirmed.)
Marriage (Bishara al-Khuri, Laura Chiha, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown. Believed to have married in Lebanon.)
Marriage (Emile Eddé, Marie Eddé, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown. Believed to have married in Lebanon.)
Marriage (Riad al-Sulh, Faiza al-Jabiri, Period: Details unknown, Location: Details unknown. Believed to have married in Lebanon.)
Marriage (Ibrahim Hananu, Woman from Erzurum, Period: Period working as an administrator in Istanbul (specific year unknown), Location: Believed to be Ottoman Istanbul)
|
Map
| Category | |
|---|---|
| Element |
Asia
World
Related Links
| Group | List |
|---|---|
| West Asia | Ottoman Empire Syrian nationalist movement Palestinian national movement |
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