Rise of Marxism in the Era of Revolution
Emerging during nineteenth-century industrialization, Marxism transformed European political thought by analyzing history through the lens of class struggle and material conditions. Formulated as a critique of industrial capitalism, it asserted that economic structures dictate social relations and political power. By advocating for working-class solidarity and the eventual overthrow of bourgeois dominance, Marxism provided a theoretical framework for labor movements across Europe. It laid the foundation for modern socialist parties, trade unionism, and revolutionary movements, profoundly shaping European politics, social reform, and international relations throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
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