The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) was a devastating conflict triggered by the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. Imperial Japan launched a full-scale invasion, capturing key regions across North, Central, and South China. Chinese forces mounted fierce resistance despite heavy casualties and atrocities like the Nanjing Massacre. After 1941, the war merged into World War II's Pacific theater. Chinese resistance tied down millions of Japanese troops until Japan's final surrender in 1945.

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