İsmet İnönü: Hero of İnönü

Mustafa İsmet

A military officer and politician of the late Ottoman Empire who served as the first Prime Minister and second President of the Republic of Turkey. During WWI, he saw military service on the Eastern and Sinai-Palestine fronts. In the Turkish War of Independence, he fought Greek troops as Commander of the Western Front, securing victories in the First and Second Battles of İnönü. Assisting the independence movement as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's chief confidant, he led the Turkish delegation at the Lausanne Peace Conference. Upon the republic's establishment, he became the inaugural Prime Minister and supported Atatürk's reforms. Assuming the presidency in 1938, he pursued a policy of neutral diplomacy during WWII to prevent Turkey from being drawn into the war. Relinquishing power to the Democrat Party following the 1950 election, he facilitated Turkey's transition to a multi-party system. He remained politically active as leader of the Republican People's Party and as Prime Minister until resigning as party leader in 1972.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Mustafa İsmet
1884	Birth of Mustafa İsmet (Period: September 24, 1884., Location: İzmir, Republic of Turkey (then called Smyrna in Ottoman territory).)
1892	Admission to the Sivas Military Preparatory School (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 7 years old, Period: 1892, Location: Sivas, Ottoman Empire (modern Turkey))
1897	Transition to the Military School in Istanbul (Age: 12 years old, Period: 1897–1903, Location: Istanbul)
1906	Graduation from the Military Academy (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 22 years old, Period: September 26, 1906, Location: Istanbul)
1907	Participation in the Committee of Union and Progress (Age: 22 years old, Period: 1907, Location: Edirne, etc.)
1909	Participation in the Action Army (Age: 24 years old, Period: April 1909, Location: From Salonica to Istanbul) 31 March Incident (Age: 24 years old, Period: April 13 – April 24, 1909 (March 31 in the Ottoman calendar), Location: Istanbul)
1910	Yemen Rebellion (Age: 25 years old, Period: 1910–1913, Location: Ottoman Yemen (Sana'a, Hodeidah surroundings, etc.)) Appointment as Staff Officer of the Yemen Expeditionary Force (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 25 years old, Period: February 26, 1910, Location: Ottoman Yemen, Hodeidah)
1911	Peace Negotiations with Imam Yahya in Yemen (Age: 26 years old, Period: 1911–1913, Location: Ottoman Yemen, Hodeidah surroundings)
1912	Appointment as Chief of Staff of the Yemen Army Corps (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 27 years old, Period: 1912, Location: Ottoman Yemen) First Balkan War (Age: 28 years old, Period: October 1912 – May 1913, Location: Balkan Peninsula, Ottoman Macedonia, Thrace, Albania, etc.)
1913	Second Balkan War (Age: 28 years old, Period: June – August 1913, Location: Balkan Peninsula, particularly Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Eastern Thrace) Participation in the Peace Conference after the Balkan Wars (Age: 29 years old, Period: October 8–29, 1913, Location: Istanbul)
1914	World War I (Age: 29 years old, Period: 1914–1918, Location: Ottoman Empire and surrounding regions (Gallipoli, Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Sinai, Palestine, Arabia, etc.)) Service in the High Command during World War I (Age: 29 years old, Period: 1914–1915, Location: Istanbul) Caucasus Campaign (Age: 30 years old, Period: November 1914 – end of 1918, Location: Eastern Ottoman Empire, Russian Caucasus (modern eastern Turkey, Armenia, Georgia surroundings))
1915	Sinai and Palestine Campaign (Age: 30 years old, Period: 1915–1918, Location: Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, Gaza, Beersheba, surroundings of Jerusalem) Appointment as Chief of Staff of the Second Army (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 30 years old, Period: 1915, Location: Thrace region, later Eastern Anatolia region)
1916	Marriage (Mustafa İsmet, Emine Mevhibe Hanım (Emine Mevhibe Hanım, later Mevhibe İnönü), Age: 31 years old, Period: 1916 (some sources say April 13), Location: Istanbul (wedding details unconfirmed))
1917	Appointment as Commander of the Fourth Corps (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 32 years old, Period: January 12, 1917, Location: Caucasus Campaign) Appointment as Commander of the 20th and 3rd Corps (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 32 years old, Period: After June 1917, Location: Sinai-Palestine Campaign, Syria region)
1918	Appointment as Undersecretary of the Ministry of War (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 34 years old, Period: October 24, 1918, Location: Istanbul) Armistice of Mudros (Age: 34 years old, Period: October 30, 1918, Location: Port of Mudros, Lemnos Island in the Aegean Sea) Occupation of Istanbul (Age: 34 years old, Period: November 13, 1918 – October 4, 1923 (formal military occupation began March 16, 1920), Location: Ottoman capital Istanbul)
1919	Turkish War of Independence (Age: 34 years old, Period: May 1919 – October 1922, Location: Anatolian Peninsula, Eastern Thrace, İzmir, Ankara, surroundings of Istanbul, etc.) Turkish-Greek War (Age: 34 years old, Period: May 1919 – September 1922, Location: Western Anatolia, İzmir, Afyonkarahisar, surroundings of the Sakarya River, etc.)
1920	Relocation to Anatolia and Participation in the National Movement (Age: 35 years old, Period: January – March 1920, Location: From Istanbul to Ankara) Participation in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Age: 35 years old, Period: After April 23, 1920, Location: Ankara) Appointment as Chief of General Staff (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 35 years old, Period: May 3, 1920, Location: Ankara) Appointment as Commander of the Western Front (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 36 years old, Period: November 8, 1920, Location: Western Anatolia)
1921	First Battle of İnönü (Age: 36 years old, Period: January 6–11, 1921, Location: Western Anatolia, İnönü near Eskişehir) Victory in the First Battle of İnönü (Age: 36 years old, Period: January 6–11, 1921, Location: Inönü, near Eskişehir) Second Battle of İnönü (Age: 36 years old, Period: March 23 – April 1, 1921, Location: Western Anatolia, İnönü, Eskişehir surroundings) Victory in the Second Battle of İnönü (Age: 36 years old, Period: March 23 – April 1, 1921, Location: İnönü, Eskişehir surroundings) Unified Command of the Western Front Army (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 37 years old, Period: November 10, 1921, Location: Western Anatolia)
1922	Armistice of Mudanya (Age: 38 years old, Period: October 3–11, 1922, Location: Northwestern Turkey, Mudanya (modern Bursa province)) Appointment as Minister of Foreign Affairs (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 38 years old, Period: October 26, 1922, Location: Ankara) Abolition of the Sultanate (Age: 38 years old, Period: November 1, 1922, Location: Ankara, Grand National Assembly of Turkey) Lausanne Conference and Treaty of Lausanne (Age: 38 years old, Period: November 1922 – July 24, 1923, Location: Lausanne, Switzerland)
1923	Establishment of the Republic of Turkey (Age: 39 years old, Period: October 29, 1923, Location: Ankara) Appointment as First Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 39 years old, Period: October 30, 1923, Location: Ankara)
1924	Abolition of the Caliphate (Age: 39 years old, Period: March 3, 1924, Location: Ankara, Grand National Assembly of Turkey)
1925	Sheikh Said Rebellion (Age: 40 years old, Period: February – April 1925, Location: Eastern Turkey, Diyarbakır, Bingöl, Erzurum surroundings) Long-Term Rule as Prime Minister (Age: 40 years old, Period: March 5, 1925 – October 25, 1937, Location: Ankara)
1934	Conferral of the Surname İnönü (Age: 49 years old, Period: 1934, Location: Ankara)
1938	Assumption of Office as Second President (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 54 years old, Period: November 11, 1938, Location: Ankara)
1939	World War II (Age: 54 years old, Period: 1939–1945, Location: Europe, North Africa, Asia-Pacific, etc. (no combat occurred within Turkey)) Neutrality Policy during World War II (Age: 54 years old, Period: 1939–1945, Location: Ankara-centered domestic Turkey, diplomatic negotiations with European countries) Neutral Neutrality Diplomacy during World War II (Age: 54 years old, Period: 1939–1945, Location: Ankara, London, Berlin, etc.)
1945	Transition to a Multi-Party System and the 1950 General Election (Age: 60 years old, Period: 1945 – May 14, 1950, Location: All of Turkey centered around Ankara)
1950	Opposition Activities as Leader of the Republican People's Party (Age: 65 years old, Period: 1950–1972, Location: All of Turkey centered around Ankara) Defeat in the 1950 General Election and Transfer of Power (Age: 65 years old, Period: May 14, 1950, Location: All of Turkey)
1960	May 27, 1960 Military Coup (Age: 75 years old, Period: May 27, 1960, Location: Ankara, Istanbul, and other parts of Turkey)
1961	Appointment as Prime Minister of a Coalition Government (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 77 years old, Period: November 20, 1961 – February 1965, Location: Ankara)
1972	Resignation as Leader of the Republican People's Party (Mustafa İsmet, Age: 87 years old, Period: May 1972, Location: Ankara)
1973	Death of Mustafa İsmet (Age: 89 years old, Period: December 25, 1973. Died in Ankara, Turkey, and was buried at Anıtkabir.) Death and Burial at Anıtkabir (Age: 89 years old, Period: December 25, 1973, Location: Ankara)

Map

Category
Element

Asia World

Group	List
Ottoman Empire	Mehmed Han bin Abdülmecid Mehmed Vahdeddin Han bin Abdülmecid İsmail Enver Mehmed Talat Ahmet Cemal Mustafa Kemal Mustafa İsmet Mustafa Fevzi
Palestinian national movement	Amin al-Husayni Musa al-Husayni Raghib al-Nashashibi Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni Chaim Weizmann David Ben-Gurion Zeev Jabotinsky Golda Meir Vladimir Jabotinsky Moshe Sharett

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İsmet İnönü: Hero of İnönü

Mustafa İsmet

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