Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and the Pan-Islamic Resistance

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

Born near Hamadan around 1838, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani was a pioneering Islamic reformer and activist who championed Pan-Islamism to counter Western imperialism. Travelling across Egypt, Iran, and the Ottoman Empire, he urged Muslim societies to adopt modern science, overthrow despotic rulers, and unite religiously. His active involvement in movements like the 1891 Tobacco Revolt in Iran profoundly impacted anti-colonial struggle and constitutionalism across the Middle East.

Timeline

Category
Element

Year	Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
1838	Early Religious Education (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 1 years before birth, Period: 1838 – Early 1850s, Location: Asadabad, Qazvin, Tehran in Iran, and Shia Holy Cities in Iraq)
1839	Birth of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (Period: 1838 or 1839 (exact month and day unknown), Location: Asadabad, Iran (near Hamadan))
1856	Travel to India and Contact with British Colonial Rule (Age: 17 years old, Period: c. 1856 – 1857, Location: Various Regions in British India)
1857	Indian Rebellion of 1857 (Age: 18 years old, Period: 1857 – 1858, Location: Various Regions in India)
1866	Appointment as Political Advisor to Azam Khan in Afghanistan (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 27 years old, Period: 1866 – 1868, Location: Kabul, Afghanistan)
1868	Afghan Civil War (Age: 29 years old, Period: 1868, Location: Various Regions in Afghanistan, Especially Around Kabul)
1869	Interaction with Reformist Intellectuals in Istanbul (Age: 30 years old, Period: 1869 – 1870, Location: Istanbul, Ottoman Empire)
1870	Lectures at Istanbul University and Expulsion (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 31 years old, Period: 1870, Location: Istanbul, Ottoman Empire)
1871	Educational and Intellectual Activities in Cairo (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 32 years old, Period: 1871 – 1879, Location: Cairo, Egypt)
1875	Involvement in the Egyptian National Movement and Expulsion (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 36 years old, Period: 1875 – August 1879, Location: Cairo, Egypt) Establishment of the Star of the East and Political Activities (Age: 36 years old, Period: c. 1875, Location: Cairo, Egypt)
1879	Exile to India and Activities in Europe (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 40 years old, Period: 1879 – 1885, Location: India, London in UK, Paris in France)
1881	Urabi Revolt (Age: 42 years old, Period: 1881 – 1882, Location: Cairo and Alexandria Surroundings, Egypt)
1886	Return to Iran and Stay in Russia (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 47 years old, Period: 1886 – 1889, Location: Bushehr and Tehran in Iran, Various Regions in Russia)
1890	Protest Movement Against the Tobacco Concession (Tobacco Boycott Movement, Age: 51 years old, Period: 1890 – 1892 (Especially 1891), Location: Various Regions in Iran, Tehran, Najaf in Iraq, etc.) Protest Against the Iranian Government and Sanctuary at Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine (Age: 51 years old, Period: 1890 – January 1891, Location: Tehran and Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine, Iran)
1891	Support for the Tobacco Boycott Movement (Age: 52 years old, Period: 1891 – 1892, Location: Najaf in Iraq and Various Regions in Iran)
1892	Migration to the Ottoman Empire and Relationship with Abdul Hamid II (Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Age: 53 years old, Period: 1892 – 1897, Location: Istanbul, Ottoman Empire)
1896	Assassination of Naser al-Din Shah (Age: 57 years old, Period: May 1, 1896, Location: Shah Abdol-Azim Shrine, Near Tehran, Iran)
1897	Death of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani (Age: 58 years old, Period: March 9, 1897 (Istanbul, Ottoman Empire))
1944	Death and Transfer of the Burial Site of Remains (Age: 47 years after death, Period: March 9, 1897 / 1944, Location: Istanbul in Ottoman Empire, Kabul in Afghanistan)

Map

Category
Element

Asia World

Group	List
The Ottoman Court	Mustafa III Abdul Hamid I Selim III Mustafa IV Mahmud II Abdulmejid I Abdulaziz Murad V Abdul Hamid II Mehmed V
Iranian religious movement	The Bab Baha'u'llah Subh-i-Azal 'Abdu'l-Baha Jamal al-Din al-Afghani Mirza Malkam Khan
Zionist movement	Theodor Herzl Leon Pinsker Max Nordau Edmond James de Rothschild Ahad Ha'am Eliezer Ben-Yehuda Nahum Sokolow

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Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and the Pan-Islamic Resistance

Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

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